Walmart, Information System Free Essays

Large numbers of companies are using their information systems as a strategic tool to improve their competitive advantage. Choose one of these companies (Toyota or Wal-Mart) and prepare an essay of 1500 words on: a) how information systems are used strategically by the company to gain a competitive advantage b) discuss if it is possible for the company to maintain this advantage in the future.You are expected to use the competitive forces and/or value chain model in your analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart, Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay, Wal-Mart was chosen to be the case to analysis. Firstly, some basic concepts will be mentioned, including business strategy, IS strategy and IT strategy, and Wal-Mart will be introduced briefly. And then this essay aims to discuss how information system are used strategically by company to gain competitive advantage, and if it is possible for company to maintain this advantage in the future.Business Strategy sets the overall direction for the business. Information System Strategy is the plan an organization uses in providing information services. It defines what information, information systems and IT architecture are required to support the business. Based on a prioritization of needs. Information Technology Strategy: includes how the infrasture and services are to be delivered. (Turban) â€Å"Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (branded as Wal-Mart) is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores.It is the world’s largest public corporation by revenue, according to the 2008 Fortune Global 500. † â€Å"Wal-Mart is the largest private employer and the largest grocery retailer in the United States. † (Wikipedia). To be the industry leader, Wal-Mart must have its own competitive business strategies, the first one I want mention is growth strategies, significantly expanding its capacity, expanding into global markets. By now, Wal-Mart has 3,859 stores and more than 680,000 associates in 15 markets outside the continental U. S. Walmart). This helps Wal-Mart to expand global market share and enhance their power of competition. With too many stores, they must have large number of customers. The IT advantages will allow employees to offer their customers a better service, instead of being busy scanning and filling out order forms, they can spend more time with customers. The second one, cost leadership strategy should be the most outstanding competitive strategy of Wal-Mart. The CIO of Wal-Mart has said: to be merchants first and then technologists.IT acts as the most important role in this strategy and helps Wal-Mart to gain lower price competitive advantage, mainly shows on effective logistics and supply chain. (Aleksandrov) Based on the well developed information system, the CEO of Wal-Mart can get information anytime, where need products, which items are best-sellers, where can get the lowest price products from suppliers, which items can get the most profit and so on. One example is that very few retailers can match the speed and effectiveness with which Wal-Mart deals with inventory stocks.The information system would record each single item when it was being sold , when the amount of stocks reduced at some level, the system will remind store of asking more stocks from headquarters. Headquarters arrange and send goods to the nearest distribution centre and computer system of distribution centre will arrange time and route to the store. All the stores are located around distribution centers, all the trucks have GPS, and control center can know the position of each truck, what goods they carried, how far from destination and so on.Stocks will display on the shelves in the store within 36 hours. (MBSlib) This can avoid bulges in order cycle and lower inventory cost. With information system, the supply chin become more time and cost-efficient, with savings passed on to customers. In 1970s, Wal-Mart built logistics Management Information System (MIS), which used to deal with system report, speed up operating speed. They adopted Point Of Sales (POS) machine in 1983. In1985. They built Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), all the information is dealt on the computer instead of using paper.In1986, using Quick Response (QR) to built good partner relationship with suppliers, high frequency distribution with small amount each time, in order to lower risk, stocks and stimulate demand and sales. In 2006, Wal-Mart started using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), a wireless system used to identify tags and get data in any environment without any workforce. Because this, Wal-Mart can save 8350 billion per year. (MBSlib) Obviously, the primary activities in value chain of Wal-Mart are the strongpoint that can add value to the firms, especially logistics. Considering present market conditions and the way in which industry demand fluctuates nowadays, firms willing to remain operationally efficient will become more reliant on supply-chain management, This is one of the main reasons for which Wal-Mart has been capable of growing at an annual rate of 15. 4%. †(Aleksandrov) All the technologies used to be the core component of its cost-efficient business strategy, and customers of Wal-Mart can get the low-cost benefit from information system. One way to analyze the strategic potential of IS is to consider their influence on one or more of Porter’s five force model.Firstly, medium threat of entry, any company willing to enter this â€Å"Discount and Varity† industry (Aleksandrov) would have to consider the major financial implications of such an action if to complete with Wal-Mart at a national model. Secondly, medium to high threat of substitution, many companies sell exactly the same range of items, but at higher prices. The third one I want to mentioned is power of buyers, which is high because many firms offer the same goods and services, but Wal-Mart can be successful is because of providing at lower price. â€Å"Everyday low price! — Obviously, cost leader strategy is successful. As can be seen above, IT acts as an important and successful role and be used strategically by Wal-Mart to gain competitive advantages, as a result, Wal-Mart will be able to offer lower priced items and good costumer services, both of which will create brand loyalty, prevent Wal-Mart market share from diminishing. The competitive advantages of Wal-Mart in the future, considering the threat of entry and substitution first, there is a certain risk of entry from a firm which offers diversified goods and does not compete with Wal-Mart in terms in price.Although there is some threat of entry into the â€Å"Discount and Variety† industry, this is does not pose a direct threat to Wal-Mart since a different segment of consumers will be targeted by the entrant. Another risk is its competitors may link together in an effort to stop the retail giant from continuing to expand at such rates, Wal-Mart could enable them to compete against these low-cost innovators by sacrificing short term profits and implementing predatory pricing strategies. Aleksandrov) Secondly, Berskhire Hathaway’s CEO W. Buffet believes that due to the tight margins of the industry in which Wal-Mart operates and the efficiency with which the retail giant handles its supplier relationships, logistics system and pricing strategies, no other rational company would attempt to challenge their supremacy. Therefore, according to him, Wal-Mart’s future development will depends on how efficiently the company reacts to the current changes in its business environment. Aleksandrov) Definitely, this should get benefit from IS, to develop the potential of IT resources to add value to Wal-Mart, such as its global workforce become lager and thus need a relatively faultless information system to manage, and the company’s distribution system will be constantly operated at full capacity, allowing no room for errors. On the other aspect, in order for the competitive advantage to be sustained, the resources, here mainly on IS, must be inimitable, imperfectly mobile, and have low substitutability.With the development of society, as company become more pervasive and competitors can access to the same technology, and many companies will catch Wal-Mart using the same way, the advantages from IS of Wal-Mart may be become more and more unconspicuous in the future, there is no real â€Å"sustained† competitive advantage, but I think Wal-Mart has ability to make a new progress, like develop proprietary technology, maybe focus on other aspects.The CEO of Apple Company has said if there are three IT companies left in the world, these should be Microsoft, Intel and Dell, if two, they must be Dell and Wal-Mart. A great amount of managerial and IS effort will be needed to ensure that the company’s expansion rate does not ultimately lead Wal-Mart to its end. In conclusion, Wal-Mart uses IT strategically like GPS, MIS, RFID, mainly on logistics and supply chain, in order to gain competitive advantages, such as growth globally, to be the cost leader with good customer services.In the long run, Wal-Mart may face some threat and may not keep these competitive advantages all the time, Wal-Mart should keep alignment of business and IT strategies and make new innovation and progress in IT, like have proprietary technology, let the IT resources become inimitable, imperfectly mobile, and have low substitutability. How to cite Walmart, Information System, Papers

Brose Case Study free essay sample

What is the Brose Groups business and what are the critical success factors (CSF’s) in a business like Brose’s? [lists] * International automobile industry and delivery mechatronic system and electric drives to automotive manufacturers and suppliers * Brose standardize their operation, and uses ERP application. * Well-established Information technology management * Hire professional consultants to train employees * to better use ERP application system 2. What operational, management and control, and corporate learning/innovation challenges were faced by Brose during its rapid expansion over the last two decades? table] Operational | Management and control| The implementation of ERP system may cause a significant number of change within an organization | Lower total costs of information management information technology investment | The potential lake of in house skills and users’ resistance | 5. What steps did they take to minimize the risks associated with this kind of deployment? [list] * Reengineer business process, develop a detailed requirements specification, conduct system prior to the system implementation and closely monitor the system’s performance * Formulation of he steering committee, appointment of project sponsor, and internal audit’s involvement * Train project team, the establishment of a close working relationship between consultant and project team * Management support, user’s involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Brose Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Clinical Reasoning and Procedural Competency

Question: Write about theClinical Reasoning and Procedural Competency. Answer: Introduction Clinical reasoning tool has been used by medical practitioners far and wide for the assessment of patients through the collections of cues, processing of information , being in a position to understand the patient, coming up with interventions and implementing them, doing evaluations is paramount in critical thinking progress, for the patient situation, (Levett et al., 2010). Clinical reasoning is essential in health care in that it builds competences and approach by focussing on problem based learning, (Chapman et al., 2013). It is a research tool that utilizes the five constructs to solve a problem thus contributing to the broader concept of human cognition. In this case review, is patient named Katie McConnell, a patient of mild traumatic brain injury. The case management assessment follows the clinical reasoning cycle of patient assessment. Patient Situation The case description is a 23 year old woman on admission at the facility. The patient is a victim of road accident; she has subdural hematoma which has lasted 18 hours, obtained by hit from a car. She has been transferred from a different facility and brought to the neurosurgical trauma for further reassessment and evaluations for better prognosis and care. Currently the patient is experiencing some memory lapse in a mild state. Her vitals indicate that the heart beat rate is 89 pulses, blood pressure is 142/72 Sp O2 96% and the respiratory rate is at 13. From the general assessments the pressure of the blood is high on the systolic side. Her pulse rate is at the normal levels. The vital statistics presented by the patient are normal except the increased in temperature and loss of memory. The changes can be attributed to her medical condition. Cues and Information The condition the patient is suffering is subdural haematoma from injury, it is considered in the medical filed the deadliest disease state for humans, the internal bleeding often fills the brain of the victim; it results in brain damage which can advance to death. Severe head injuries causes severe bleeding causes subdural hematoma, which is characterized by losing consciousness and confusion as displayed by parent Kate. Subdural hematoma can appear with no symptoms for the first few days after head injury, but patients appears confused, which is characterised slower blood bleeding causing increase subdural hematoma diseases. For slow developing hematomas, there is no significant changes in the or symptoms observed for greater than two weeks after bleeding The medical condition of the patient is heterogeneous in nature. The injury falls into a full spectrum. The information given shows that the patient Bp is 142/72, heart beat rate is 89, respiratory rate is 13 Glasgow comma score is 14. Symptoms patient Katie might be facing include confusion which is evident, headache pains, changes in the behaviour, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, weakness of the general body, apathy of the body and recurrent seizures. Other medical diagnoses which are essential for the patient are imaging tests aided with computer tomography or MRI images to observe and monitor the extent of disease for the purpose ot diagnosis, (Soltaninejad et al., 2014). It also uses magnetic resonance techniques to take pictures of the brain to determine the extent of subdural hematoma. These tests generate images of the inner skull, thus showing any haematosis present. In comparative nature of tests done using MRI and CT scan, MRI is superior however CT scan is faster in producing results, (Wintermark et al, 2015). Angiography tests are essential for this patient. It is another diagnosis method for haematosis. It uses the application of a catheter placed in the arterial vessel located in the groin deeply into neck and brain. Special agent compound is injected to it and images of blood flow are observed through the blood vessels. These test can help in diagnosing patient Katie effectively thus providing appropriate care. Process Information In mild traumatic brain injury observed characteristics such as confusion and loss of consciousness and related disorientation of the person for shorter duration of time characterises this window. From the case study what we know is that the patient is experiencing confusion and difficulty in remembering things but can recall later when probing is done. The confusion is largely due to occurrence of concussion, which temporarily affects the brain thus causing confusions, memory speech, and vision and balance problems. If the concussion is not treated it advances to second impact syndrome, which is more fatal condition. Concussion can be managed through healing of the brain, (MoC, 2009 ). Early symptoms associated with mild traumatic disorder include mild appearances which it has significant impact on lifelong impairment and the ability to function well. Some of the known live long problems with this condition are persistent headache, pains, fatigue, mood changes, and sensory related issues with later taste preferences, persistent headache and confusion. CDC, acknowledges that the following characteristics can be defined with respect to mild trauma injury, pain syndromes,codnitive impairments, nerve dysfunction and vertigo resulting from injury to the brain, (Ciuffreda Ludlam, 2001). Expected assessments symptoms which are positive for mild injury trauma are presented in three broader ways; cognitive, physical symptoms and behaviour changes combined with post concussive symptoms , (Koski et al., 2015). Cognitive symptoms include attention related problems and challenges, difficulty in concentration, memory related problem and orientation problems. The physical symptom includes headaches, dizziness, insomnia issues, nausea, seizures, blurred vision and fatigue. The behavioural changes explicated include irritability, depression, anxiety, and loss of initiative, sleep disturbances, social problems like marriage, relationships or school management. Confirmatory tests of confusion and disorganisation, consciousness loss of more than 30 minutes, neuron psychological related problems and Glasgow coma scale of 13 or higher are the confirmatory tests for mild trauma injury of the brain, (Skolnick et al., 2014). Identifying Problems and Issues In symptomatic identification of issues there is need to know the underlying disease features. Patient Katie has had traumatic brain injury, clinically portraying induced disruption in the physiology path, disruption of brain function which can be manifest by; loss of conscious for more than 30 minutes however this is not the case for patient Katie, loss of memory which is characterised by not remembering events for short or long periods of time before or after an occurrence of an accident before diagnosis. Mental disorientation, which is portrayed by changes in the mental status during the periods of the accident. In depth analysis of baseline lab investigations for patient Katie necessary, they include determination of FBC, serum electrolytes urea, serum glucose, coagulation status, blood alcohol level in the blood and urinalysis. Arterial blood gas determination is not a factor in traumatic brain injury, (Tootal, 2014). Securing of definitive way for breathing assistance is based on clinical findings from either lab or physical assessments. A patient diagnosed with GCS lower than 8 or a victim of trauma brain injury not breathing effectively and smoothly, thus not maintain the airway with assistive oxygen requires definitive pathway, (Kothari , Kothani Gadhi, 2016). In-depth assessments reveal that symptoms like headache, memory lapses and poor concentration are manifesting itself. In the general patients, symptoms persist for psychological problems. Further assessment need to be done for confirmation purposes. It includes modern technology usage like abnormalities or occurrence of concussion which in this case signifies loss of consciousness. Other focussed health assessments to be done include physical examination attests, which include the papillary tests, head and neck assessments which involve fundoscopic examination procedure for the patient (Woo Hirsch, 2016), palpation of the scalp for hematoma, auscultation for corneous disease, cervical evaluation for confirmation of tenderness. However further assessment can be conducted for patient Katie, they include conducting MRI and CT scan. Health Assessments Canadian CT head rule cam be done. CT scan diagnosis is suitable for people with minor head injury like Katie, the result of this test are presented in neurological examination and GCS score of 15 is assured. Those that portray high risk behaviour include headaches, vomiting, over 60 years alcohol dependent, seizure and amnesia. Currently there are many components for analysing the criteria for traumatic brain injury. Commonly used is the Glasgow Coma Scale, which is utilised in assessment of, assessing patients. As way of conducting the assessments , there is need to start from non- invasive procedures with key approach focussing on the lab assessments then to those that offer specific tests and easier to interpret like CT scan and MRI however costly suits the case study for Katie for appropriative management . The final assessment of the results obtain will be based on the following criteria; unconscious loss for up to 30 minutes, memory loss after accidents occurrence in the last 24 hours, changes in the mental state at accident time, measure of the deficits in the neurology that are not transient, conscious loss for more than 30 minutes, amnesia presence after accident exceeding 24 hours or the Glasgow scores scale for coma falling below 13 after half an hour, (Mrashall et al.,m 2012). References Chapman, D. M., Calhoun, J. M., Van Mondfrans, A. P., Davis, W. K. (2013). Assessing effectiveness of a problem-based learning curriculum in teaching clinical reasoning skills. Journal of Clinical Reasoning Procedural Competency, 1(1), 17-28. Ciuffreda, K. J., Ludlam, D. P. (2011). Conceptual model of optometric vision care in mild traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Behavioral Optometry, 22, 10-12 Koski, L., Kolivakis, T., Yu, C., Chen, J. K., Delaney, S., Ptito, A. (2015). Noninvasive brain stimulation for persistent postconcussion symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of neurotrauma, 32(1), 38-44 Kothari, S., Kothari, N., Gandhi, P. (2016). A Study Showing Correlation Between Glasgow Coma Scale And Brain Computed Tomography Scan Findings In Head Trauma Patients. International Journal of Scientific Research, 5(4). Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients. Nurse education today, 30(6), 515-520.# Management of Concussion/m TBI Working Group. (2009). VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 46(6), CP1. Marshall, S., Bayley, M., McCullagh, S., Velikonja, D., Berrigan, L. (2012). Clinical practice guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms. Canadian Family Physician, 58(3), 257267. Skolnick, B. E., Maas, A. I., Narayan, R. K., van der Hoop, R. G., MacAllister, T., Ward, J. D., ... Stocchetti, N. (2014). A clinical trial of progesterone for severe traumatic brain injury. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(26), 2467-2476. Soltaninejad, M., Lambrou, T., Qureshi, A., Allinson, N. M., Ye, X. (2014). A Hybrid Method for Haemorrhage Segmentation in Trauma Brain CT. In MIUA (pp. 99-104). Tootal, D.A., (2014). Spectrin Breakdown Products in the Investigation of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University). Wintermark, M., Sanelli, P. C., Anzai, Y., Tsiouris, A. J., Whitlow, C. T., Institute, A. H. I. (2015). Imaging evidence and recommendations for traumatic brain injury: conventional neuroimaging techniques. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 12(2), e1-e14. Woo, T., Hirsch, C. H. (2016). Physical Examination. In On-Call Geriatric Psychiatry (pp. 17-30). Springer International Publishing.

Pepsi Environmental Factors Essay Example

Pepsi: Environmental Factors Essay Environmental Factors Antonio Presley University of Phoenix August 31, 2009 Abstract Every organization has rules, regulations, and guidelines that help govern the conduct of the employees, global and domestic marketing decisions, and environmental factors. PepsiCo, success can be affected by an internal or external environment analysis. An internal or external environment analysis is an analysis of the target market for a companys goods or services that can provide understanding of environmental factors that need to be addressed for a products success. Even major Companies like Pepsi are affected by these factors. When considering the importance of the factors that affect marketing an organization plan it are necessary to note that the environment and market can be very complicated and are in the majority of instances ever changing. Environmental Factors Every organization has rules, regulations, and guidelines that help govern the conduct of the employees, global and domestic marketing decisions, and environmental factors. Environmental factors are often divided into two categories namely macro environment and microenvironment. In addition, environmental factors can be political, social, ecological, cultural, technological, and ethical in nature. Whereas, any organization that develops a product or service domestically or globally must consider the impact each of the environmental factors may have. For instance, factors can result in the failed attempt to market a product, which may be successful domestically, in other countries where there is a significant market potential. Furthermore, this essay will identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic marketing decisions, impacts of technology, and the importance of social responsibility and ethics as related to PepsiCo marketing. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi: Environmental Factors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi: Environmental Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi: Environmental Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods, and beverages with revenues of more than $39 billion and over 185,000 employees, which conducts both domestic and global marketing(PepsiCo,  2009). At the same time, PepsiCo is committed to protecting there natural resources and operating in a way that minimizes the environmental footprint, with the goal of reaching a net-neutral impact. In addition, as a multinational company, PepsiCo value the unique contributions and perspectives that people from different culture bring to there business. Therefore, the company continues to promote diversity and believe they have a responsibility to ensure the health and wellness communities they serve (PepsiCo,  2009). PepsiCo, success can be affected by an internal or external environment analysis. An internal or external environment analysis is an analysis of the target market for a companys goods or services that can provide understanding of environmental factors that need to be addressed for a products success. High-level domestic and global environmental factors that may affect the organizations marketing decisions are political, social, ecological, cultural, technological, and ethical. When considering the political factors that affect marketing plan it is necessary to note that political environment can be very complicated and is in the majority of instances ever changing. In contrast, social factors can affect PepsiCo domestic and global marketing decision because it influences a customer’s buying behavior. For example, according to the Tutor2u  (n. d) Web site,  when dealing with social factors several individuals may interact to influence the purchase decision (initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user). However, the ecological factors can also affects PepsiCo marketing because more companies, organizations, and consumers are trying to eliminate or minimize waste by avoidance and prevention. Armstrong and Kotler  (2005)  stated,    â€Å"Companies emphasizing prevention have responded with â€Å"green marketing† programs—developing ecologically safer products, recyclable and biodegradable packaging, better pollution controls, and more energy-efficient operations† (Chap. 16,  p. 573). In addition, researchers and consumers have find the products to be both green and competitive. Besides the global environmental factors, that affect PepsiCo marketing decisions the company should also be aware of the culture and technology that could also affect marketing. Culture impacts the organization is marketing decisions because many countries feel that certain type of American exposures to products erodes values and of other cultures and westernizes the world. Other issues culture can affect are marketing decisions and being able to adapt to other countries’ business cultures and deal effectively with foreign nationals (Armstrong Kotler,  2005). On the contrary, technology affects marketing tremendously. Armstrong and Kotler  (2005)  stated, â€Å"Technological advances in every area, from telecommunications, information technology, and the Internet to health care and entertainment, provide abundant marketing opportunities† (Chap. 16, p. 573). PepsiCo importance of social responsibility and ethics as related to the organization’s marketing is very substantial. The organization has taken vigorous steps to encourage kids to lead healthier lives and to provide their parents more tools to make healthier choices (PepsiCo,  2009). Whereas, the company understands the importance of providing nutritious foods and physical activities for children. In addition, they also understand the obstacles preventing parents from making the healthy choice. Since PepsiCo introduced the Smart Spot in 2004, they made it easier for consumers to identify products that contribute to a healthier lifestyle in the U. S. Therefore, the Smart Symbol (the symbol of smart choices made easy) is a simple labeling system that explains why each product is a smart choice (PepsiCo,  2009). Furthermore, this symbol is the only industry symbol that meets nutrition criteria based on authoritative statements from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Academy of Sciences. Today, more than 300 different products carry the Smart Spot label (PepsiCo,  2009). In conclusion, environmental factors affect global and domestic marketing decisions by affecting the political, social, ecological, cultural, technological, and ethical of the organization. Even major Companies like Pepsi are affected by these factors. When considering the importance of the factors that affect marketing an organization plan it are necessary to note that the environment and market can be very complicated and are in the majority of instances ever changing. Reference Armstrong, G. , Kotler, P. (2005). Marketing: An Introduction. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. , : Prentice-Hall. Retrieved August  31, 2009, from University of Phoenix, MKT421. PepsiCo. (2009). Performance with Purpose. Retrieved August  31, 2009, from http://www. pepsico. com/Company. html Tutor2u. (n. d). buyer behaviour social factors. Retrieved August  31, 2009, from http://www. tutor2u. net/business/marketing/buying_social_factors. asp Not the paper youre looking for? 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High School vs College Essay Writing Difference

High School vs College Essay Writing Difference High school vs. college Every year thousands of freshmen come to various colleges for the first time. For some of them, the transition from high school to college goes without any problems and difficulties. However, most students find this process quite complicated and exhausting one. Therefore, entering a college is an embarrassing and thrilling time for most of them. As a rule, this is the first time for many students of their being far away from their families and friends. When entering the college, students have to adapt in a new, dynamic and completely unfamiliar environment. Students find paper writing time-consuming, it does not matter the type of the paper college or high school essay. In this new and stressful world, how should one not just survive, but prosper in this new environment? The secret of success at college often lies in knowing a few things. What Do College Students Face? First, it is very important to know how to complete a presentable paper and in order to do this the student should know how to use different academic formats. Second significant thing is to know how to make an effective research when working on paper writing. Finally, each student should be able to find positive peer networks to assist with integration into college student life. High School vs College Essay: Know the Difference When a student enters a college in the US, he/she is often confused with difference in requirements to writing a college essay in comparison with high school assignments. No wonder, the essays that received positive feedback in high school are extensively criticized in college. Do not fall into despair! It is not your writing that changed. It is because the requirements for writing a college essay are more complex than those for writing a high school essay. So, high school vs college essay: what is the difference? Making an Argument High school essays aim to show what a writer understood from the studied material (for example, a summary, a book review, etc.). College writing requires much more efforts. First and foremost, these essays and papers require making an argument. As such, college professors do not want you to retell what you have just read; instead, they want you to make critical judgment based on this information. This argument is often called a thesis statement and it should be clearly stated in the essay`s introduction. Providing the Evidence When the argument is stated, a college student has to prove it by providing credible evidence. This evidence is usually taken from the relevant sources, which contain the unbiased experts` opinions. If you, for instance, are analyzing some poem, a meaningful line from it can serve as the evidence. Searching for the sources that accurately fit the topic is also an essential characteristic of college essay writing. Professors highly evaluate the thorough work with sources, and if you want to get the A+ grade for your paper, you have to spend much time in the library.Analyzing the Topic Properly When reading your paper, the professor should not have questions like But what if..? Have you considered this opinion? What about..? It means that when writing a college essay, you need to present your topic from different perspectives. High School vs College Essay: Improve Your Practice! Without any doubts, college essay writing is a much more complicated process than high school writing. However, it enables you to develop your writing and research skills, which is particularly important for your academic performance. Work on your mistakes and you will see your progress. Just keep in mind that there is no a winner in the struggle of High School vs College essay. All in all, in both educational institutions, to become a better writer you need to practice a lot. Writing Formats Writing various kinds of papers that differ from high school essays is a huge part of each students experience. The most common citation formats are APA and MLA. In most cases, citing sources in a paper becomes a bewildering process. There are various requirements for citing books, encyclopedias, webpages, newspaper articles, etc. No everyone knows how to format the paper properly. However, you are free to use online assistance. The best web resource for help with academic formats is EssayLeader. Here, you will find hundreds of useful tips on using MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian and other writing styles. The sooner you become good in writing any college essay or other paper, the better! Remember that the best time to learn something new was yesterday, but since yesterday is gone, the second best time to learn is today. Best Resources to Use One more area that freshmen at college often face with is conducting a thorough research for their papers. You do not even imagine how many students try to use Wikipedia as a reference! If you want to succeed with college essays, you must use good scholarly resources. The best resources to use are peer-reviewed books, textbooks, encyclopedias and journal articles. Great resources to get access to old books are second-hand bookstores and libraries. However, when writing a college essay, you may use several web-resources that have scholarly peer-reviewed articles and even the whole books that can be read online. The two of such websites are Google Books and Google Scholar. The second one offers a huge amount of peer-reviewed journal articles for free. One more advantage of this service is that you can click on the cite option and automatically get the correct citations for the chosen article in MLA, APA or Chicago style.

The Time Surrounding The Lottery Research Paper

The Time Surrounding The Lottery - Research Paper Example The late 1940s, the time when the story was written, was a time of political and social upheaval. Due to the complicated events that took place during and after World War II, and the beginning of the â€Å"Cold War,† many things that had been taken for granted in society were being questioned by people. This led to the creation of Womens Rights movements, but also to the Truman Doctrine and, later, McCarthyism—both movements which supported the status quo. These contradictory movements for change and against it show that â€Å"The Cold War affected almost every aspect of American life.† (â€Å"Introduction†) The story shows a definite nod to the increasing social awareness of women in 1940s America. During World War II, women had begun to work and take on more responsibilities, and they became used to being treated more like equals. After the end of the war, they were expected to go back to being submissive and agreeing to everything their husbands told them to do. Obviously, this did not sit well with many liberated women. This aspect of the story is more of a reflection than a criticism. It can be seen in how the various female characters in the story are critical of the tradition of the lottery. This is obvious from the story, because there are many places where women question the established traditions, like Mrs. Adams, who says that " Some places have already quit lotteries† (Jackson, 308). However, it is equally obvious that the men disagree. This was the same in reality, where many men were opposed to feminism because they wanted to remain socially superior to the other gender. In other words, â€Å"society defined experiences centered around males, with females as mere accessories.† (Feminism) Even though Feminism didn’t really exist until the 1960s, there seem to be very strong elements of it in â€Å"The Lottery† with female characters like Mrs. Adams. The

Explain the true-justified-belief theory of knowledge Essay

Explain the true-justified-belief theory of knowledge - Essay Example For example, if person X sees person Y seating alone at a table in a restaurant and guesses that he is waiting for his wife, while he could be waiting for anyone else from a business partner to a relative or an old friend, he could also be just having a meal by himself. If this proposition is based on a wild guess, even if person Y does turn out to be waiting for his wife given that she arrives a while later, this does not amount to knowledge on the part of person X. When what appears to be knowledge lacks truth, it cannot be considered to be knowledge. It therefore holds that knowledge as a minimum is true belief (Audi n.p.) This further raises the question of whether knowing something means â€Å"justifiedly† believing it (Audi n.p.). As in the case above, simply guessing that person Y is waiting for his wife, even in the event that it turns out to be true does not constitute knowledge on the part of person X. This is because there is no justification for it. However, assumi ng that person Z tells person X that he has seen person Y wait for his wife at that restaurant at the same time every day for a period of time, this could justify person X’s true belief that indeed person Y is waiting for his wife. Person X’s acquisition of knowledge that person Y is waiting for his wife can be rationalized by his acquisition of evidence that justifies the true belief that he indeed is (Audi n.p.). Additionally, Audi contends that the more evidence people acquire to support their belief in something and build up their justification of the particular belief, the nearer they get to knowledge (n.p.). This backs the view that justified belief is a facet of knowledge. From the above, Audi states that it can be deduced that there is a practical and considerable condition necessary for knowledge, that is based on three elements; one knows something only if one believes in it, it is true and the belief that one has of that particular thing is justifiable. In p articular; as a minimum, knowledge is justified true belief (Audi n.p.). This sums up the theory of true-justified-belief of knowledge. However, there are sufficient conditions provided for in the analysis of what constitutes knowledge. This is because, despite the fact that I only know something, if I truly and â€Å"justifiedly† believe in it, it does not hold that, if I truly and â€Å"justifiedly† believe in something, then I know it (Audi n.p.). This three-way analysis of knowledge according to O’Brien infers that the three conditions are necessary for knowledge, that is; belief, truth and justification (11). The conditions are also jointly sufficient for knowledge meaning that one has knowledge when the three conditions are met. Necessary and sufficient conditions are connected to conditional statements conveying the truth of two suggestions in the form â€Å"If X then Y† (Lacewing 24). The assertion in this case is that if proposition X is true the n proposition Y is also true. In the event that the assertion is true, it follows that proposition X is true, then proposition Y is true. It also follows that if proposition Y is false then proposition X is also false. The theory of true-justified-belief of knowledge therefore holds that when the three conditions it proposes are met, together they are sufficient and nothing else is needed for knowledge (Lacewing 24). However, it also contends that if you know X then you have a justified true be