Agricultural Credit - 3628 Words

An Assessment of Agriculture Credit at PNB Introduction Agriculture plays a crucial role in the development of the Indian economy. It accounts for about 15.7 per cent of GDP and 52.1 per cent of the total workforce of the population is dependent on the sector, and despite a steady decline of its share in the GDP, is still the largest economic sector and a significant piece of the overall socio-economic development of India. The importance of farm credit as a critical input to agriculture is reinforced by the unique role of Indian agriculture in the macroeconomic framework and its role in poverty alleviation. Recognising the importance of agriculture sector in India’s development, the Government and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have†¦show more content†¦Indirect finance denotes to finance provided by banks to farmers indirectly, i.e., through other agencies. Important items included under indirect finance to agriculture are as under : (i) Credit for financing the distribution of fertilisers, pesticides, seeds, etc. (ii) Loans upto Rs. 25 lakhs granted for financing distribution of inputs for the allied activities such as, cattle feed, poultry feed, etc. (iii) Loans to Electricity Boards for reimbursing the expenditure already incurred by them for providing low tension connection from step-down point to individual farmers for energising their wells. (iv) Loans to State Electricity Boards for Systems Improvement Scheme under Special Project Agriculture (SI-SPA). (v) Deposits held by the banks in Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) maintained with NABARD. (vi) Subscription to bonds issued by Rural Electrification Corporation (REC) exclusively for financing pump-set energisation programme in rural and semi-urban areas and also for financing System Improvement Programme (SI-SPA). (vii) Subscriptions to bonds issued by NABARD with the objective of financing agriculture/allied activities. (viii)Finance extended to dealers in drip irrigation/sprinkler irrigation system/agricultural machinery, subject to the following conditions: (a) The dealer should be located in the rural/semi-urban areas. (b) He should be dealing exclusively in such items or if dealing inShow MoreRelatedGovernment Of Indi The Four Distributional Aspects Of Agricultural Credit Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesinstitutional credit. It is true that there have been some improvements in flow of farm credit in recent years. However, the Government has to be sensitive to the four distributional aspects of agricultural credit. These are: (a) not much improvement in the share of small and marginal farmers . (b) decline in credit-deposit (CD) ratios of rural and semi-urban branches. (c) increase in the share of indirect credit in total agricultural credit and. (d) significant regional inequalities in credit. (PoliciesRead MoreThe Demand Side Issues Of Agricultural Credit Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pages Sriram (2007) has stressed that the policy intervention in agriculture has been credit driven only, which becomes more pronounced in the recent interventions made by the government through the policy of doubling of agricultural credit, providing subvention and putting an upper cap on interest-rates for agricultural loans, revival of co-operative credit structure through the package recommendation by the Vaidyanathan Committee and policy responses to farmers suicides butRead MoreAgricultural Machinery Market : A Case Study Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pages Agricultural Machinery Market A Case Study Department of mechanical Assistant Professor and Industrial Engineering Department of mechanical and Industrial Indian Institute of Engineering Technology Roorkee Indian institute Of Technology Roorkee Table of Contents I. Introduction Problem Highlights Topic Justification scope and limitations II Policy III Tractor sales IV Growth in different segment IV Indian agricultural machineryRead MoreEssay On Agricultural Subsidies808 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of export subsidies are extending to other regions.According to Kimberly Amadeo an M.S. in Management from the Sloan School of Business, â€Å"The Export Credit Guarantee Programs provides commercial financing to enable the exports of U.S. farm products. Specifically, the USDA guarantees the credit of foreign buyers when they cant get credit approval locally. The Dairy Export Incentive Program (DEIP) pays cash subsidies to dairy exporters to help them meet the subsidized prices of foreign dairyRead MoreCases of Multiple Providers of Agricultural Extension Service in Bangladesh833 Words   |  3 Pages1.2 Agricultural Extension System: the Bangladesh case In Bangladesh a multitude of agencies from private and public origin offer extension support to the farmers (ASIRP, 2006). Although recent years witness a noticeable change in agricultural extension service providers, the public institutions still remain the dominant. The new entrants to the field include non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the private sector agribusiness enterprises and grass-root institutions eg. Self-Help and micro-creditRead MoreAgricultural Adjustment Program : The Price Loss Coverage ( ARC )734 Words   |  3 Pagesyears the Agricultural Act has allowed the federal government to award billions of dollars to farmers, that determines the foods grown and the foods we eat. The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 mandated the government to pay grant subsidies for corn, wheat and cotton, to maintain adequate supplies of these staple goods during low production times (Orden Zulauf, 2015). The farm bill is revisited every five years, encompassing farm commodity p rices and programs, income, farm credit, trade, agriculturalRead MoreEssay on Problems with Agricultural Subsidies in the United States1645 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1920s, farmers were encouraged to increase food production to keep up with the demand for food caused by World War I. After the war ended, production stayed at a high level, which led to a large surplus in agricultural products. The large surplus caused a steep drop in the price for the products. The drop in prices caused the market value for crops to go down and made things tougher on the economy. The United States government decided that the best way to correct the market was to put a limitRead MoreThe Educational Institution Approach : Planning1186 Words   |  5 Pagescontrolled by those determining the curriculum of the educational institution. Implementation is through formal or nonformal instruction in groups or individuals through a college or university. Attendance and the extent of participation by farmers in agricultural extension activities are the measures of success. Ideally, researchers learn from extension personnel who, in turn, learn from farmers. However, this rarely occurs in practice. The advantage of this approach is the relationship of specialized scientistsRead Moreexecutive Summary-John Deere3676 Words   |  12 Pagesof agricultural machinery headquartered in Moline, Illinois. What started as a small business operation has sprung into a multibillion-dollar global operation. In 2013 alone, the company boasted sales of $37.80 billion. Founded in 1837 by a blacksmith, the company originally only built plows, and did not assemble their first tractor until they purchased a small tractor company, Waterloo Boy, in 1918. Now the green and yellow machinery is recognized around the world. Although agricultural equipmentRead More American Agriculture Needs a Free-Market System Essay2034 Words   |  9 PagesE...I...E...I...Ohhhhhhh..... The United States Government and agriculture have had a working relationship for most of the twentieth century. In 1916, Congress established the Federal Land Bank to provide farmers with easier access to credit. Then, during the Great Depression, many New Deal programs came to the aid of the farmer (Rapp, 1988). A system of price supports and production quotas was established to ensure price stability. For the first time, farmers were being told not to grow

Themes In Monty Python - 743 Words

Monty Python essay Medieval literature has been involved in the school classroom for a very long time. Medieval literature is very important and even though itÅ› old it offers many interesting stories and life lessons. There are many medieval literature works- Beowulf, the author tales, and more. The film of Monty Python and the holy grail combines all the medieval literature and satirises them all. The Monty Python film mocks and satirizes a lot of the important themes in the medieval literature. Among the many themes it satirizes, the theme of Chivalric Code and Knightly Behavior is the most prevalent. Many themes are repeated over and over again and it is easy to draw conclusions from what we read in class to the movie. Through this†¦show more content†¦All the characters have to go into a cave, but a bunnie is guarding it. A knight walks up to the bunnie to fight it and it bites his head off. Then king Arthur hm self and other knights all fight the bunnie all at once. But it beats all o f them up and they have to run away screaming. Knights arent supposed to lose and certainly arent supposed to run away. The Art of Courtly Love Role/Responsibility of Women was also satirized in the movie. In the movie, lancelot thinks thereÅ› a damsel in distress. He finds the castle and decides to save her. When he enters the castle he kills everyone. The way they do it in the movies though is so over the top and ridiculous itÅ› funny. When he gets to the top of the tower he opened the door and thereÅ› a guy in side. HeÅ› confused about why thereÅ› a guy there and no lady. It turns out the guy didnt want to be married and need saving. Monty python is making fun of how every story about knights has to have a helpless woman in distress needing help form a knight. Of course Lancelot is upset and leaves. But people were mad at him because he killed so many people and they chased him out. Through the hour and thirty two minutes of Monty python and the holy grail movie many themes are introduced and satirized. The Chivalric Code and Knightly Behavior associated with knights is mocked throughout the whole movie. The movie pokes run at their bravery making them too brave, like with theShow MoreRelatedA Comparison Of Monty Python And The Holy Grail715 Words   |  3 Pagesimmortal green knights are a bit outlandish. Other portrayals of this time period include Monty Python and the Quest for the Holy Grail, which deliver a unique spin on a classic story in the form of satirical humor and parody. While the presentation of the two stories differs drastically the underlying themes of Chivalry, Religion, Nobility/Heroism, love, and Good vs. Evil are present and mocked. In Monty Python and The Holy Grail many ideas are mocked in the form of satirical humor. For instance,Read MoreMonty Python and the Holy Grail Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesMonty Python and the Holy Grail A British Parody By: Norwin Adarve Monty Python and the Holy Grail has been a comic success in the film industry for almost four decades. The main reason for its success is because the jokes have kept the audience laughing whether they watched it in 1975 or just saw the comedy for the first time yesterday. Monty Python and the Holy Grail would fall under two categories of comedy, a satire and a parody. In contemporary usage, a parody is a work that imitates anotherRead MoreMonty Python Influences1363 Words   |  6 Pagesin the dictionary, Monty Python has influenced the culture of Britain heavily. The sextet’s surreal humor has manipulated what many people find to be funny. The use of their word has affected British literature. Their popular song â€Å"Always Look On The Bright Side Of Life† has become the most played song in funerals throughout Britain. My primary sources include The Atlantic, and CNN. My secondary sources are The Rolling Stone and Biography.com. My other sources are â€Å"Monty Python, Shakespeare andRead MoreMonty Python And The Holy Grail Satire1575 Words   |  7 Pages In Monty Python and the Holy Grail satire is used quite often to make fun of the Catholic faith. One of the most noteworthy moments is near the beginning of the movie when the monks are walking through the town chanting. Monty Python may use rather ludicrous humor to get their point across; however, they do a good job conveying the faults in the Catholic Church and display them on film. The movie does this through setting, characters’ costumes, and music. Near the beginning of the movieRead More Arthurian Legend Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstands the Arthurian legend. Especially in the movies the central idea of a literary work can be lost. Compared to Malory’s Le Morte d’Arthur have movies lost sight of what the Arthurian legend tries to teach? Le Morte d’Arthur has several different themes working within in for Hollywood to choose from. An easy one for moviemakers is the glorification of the hero. In Malory’s work it appears that he is glorifying Arthur but really his work is being very critical. Arthur is an interesting man, and MaloryRead More The Satirical Essence Of Monty Python Imbibed Into Cotemporary Theatre2165 Words   |  9 Pagesever change such a notion. Monty Python’s Flying Circus revolutionized the stage performance, incorporating many aspects of modern day theatre; such as realism, surrealism, futurism, existentialism and of course Theatre of the Absurd, for no Python sketch was sans an eccentric dash of absurdity.The very roots of Monty Python lay in the humble beginnings of six men, five British and one American, who took to the stage in college and never looked back. The six Pythons; Graham Chapman, Eric Idel,Read MoreMonty Python And The Holy Grail 1975 Directed By Terry Gilliam And Terry Jones2247 Words   |  9 PagesThe infamous British film known as Monty Python and the Holy Grail 1975 directed by Terry Gilliam and Terry Jones, was considered a cult classic among the comedy genre. But what made it so significant among other films during that era, and why is does it still stand the test of time? Classical films were originally considered more than just another form of entertainment. This form of media allowed artist to visually express their personal views through the big screen. Some film makers tend to leanRead More Life of Brian as Historical Satire Essay examples2766 Words   |  12 PagesMonty Python’s Life of Brian traces the tragic last year of Brian of Nazareth, a man who shares his exact birthday and town with Jesus Christ, the subject of countless biblical epic films. Comedy distinguishes this biopic, which features a male actor playing the analog of the Virgin Mary, a cured leper begging for alms, and spontaneous song on the crucifix. It is not sufficient, however, to relegate the film to parody, which seems the obvious criticism, simply for taking a comedic outlook.Read More Comparing the Comedy Central TV Channel to ComedyCentral.com1205 Words   |  5 Pagesworld of Comedy Central, without having to turn on the television set. Similar to the television channel, viewers probably have in mind an idea of what to expect. All of Comedy Centrals television programming, which includes shows like the Monty Python, South Park, and Absolutely Fabulous, contains a very high degree of hilarity and nonsense. Strangely enough, for a channel that projects such antics and doesnt really take themselves seriously, the website is very well organized, sensible, andRead More King Arthur Essay example1872 Words   |  8 PagesKing Arthur If the name of King Arthur is mentioned, I suppose what comes to mind is not so much one person as a whole array of characters and themes, a montage so to speak. Of course we do think first of the King, the magnificent monarch of a glorified or idealized medieval realm. But we think also of his Queen, of the fair and wayward Guinevere, we think of his enchanter, Merlin, who presided over his birth, who set him on the throne, who established him there in the early and traveled days

Walmart, Information System Free Essays

Large numbers of companies are using their information systems as a strategic tool to improve their competitive advantage. Choose one of these companies (Toyota or Wal-Mart) and prepare an essay of 1500 words on: a) how information systems are used strategically by the company to gain a competitive advantage b) discuss if it is possible for the company to maintain this advantage in the future.You are expected to use the competitive forces and/or value chain model in your analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart, Information System or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this essay, Wal-Mart was chosen to be the case to analysis. Firstly, some basic concepts will be mentioned, including business strategy, IS strategy and IT strategy, and Wal-Mart will be introduced briefly. And then this essay aims to discuss how information system are used strategically by company to gain competitive advantage, and if it is possible for company to maintain this advantage in the future.Business Strategy sets the overall direction for the business. Information System Strategy is the plan an organization uses in providing information services. It defines what information, information systems and IT architecture are required to support the business. Based on a prioritization of needs. Information Technology Strategy: includes how the infrasture and services are to be delivered. (Turban) â€Å"Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (branded as Wal-Mart) is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores.It is the world’s largest public corporation by revenue, according to the 2008 Fortune Global 500. † â€Å"Wal-Mart is the largest private employer and the largest grocery retailer in the United States. † (Wikipedia). To be the industry leader, Wal-Mart must have its own competitive business strategies, the first one I want mention is growth strategies, significantly expanding its capacity, expanding into global markets. By now, Wal-Mart has 3,859 stores and more than 680,000 associates in 15 markets outside the continental U. S. Walmart). This helps Wal-Mart to expand global market share and enhance their power of competition. With too many stores, they must have large number of customers. The IT advantages will allow employees to offer their customers a better service, instead of being busy scanning and filling out order forms, they can spend more time with customers. The second one, cost leadership strategy should be the most outstanding competitive strategy of Wal-Mart. The CIO of Wal-Mart has said: to be merchants first and then technologists.IT acts as the most important role in this strategy and helps Wal-Mart to gain lower price competitive advantage, mainly shows on effective logistics and supply chain. (Aleksandrov) Based on the well developed information system, the CEO of Wal-Mart can get information anytime, where need products, which items are best-sellers, where can get the lowest price products from suppliers, which items can get the most profit and so on. One example is that very few retailers can match the speed and effectiveness with which Wal-Mart deals with inventory stocks.The information system would record each single item when it was being sold , when the amount of stocks reduced at some level, the system will remind store of asking more stocks from headquarters. Headquarters arrange and send goods to the nearest distribution centre and computer system of distribution centre will arrange time and route to the store. All the stores are located around distribution centers, all the trucks have GPS, and control center can know the position of each truck, what goods they carried, how far from destination and so on.Stocks will display on the shelves in the store within 36 hours. (MBSlib) This can avoid bulges in order cycle and lower inventory cost. With information system, the supply chin become more time and cost-efficient, with savings passed on to customers. In 1970s, Wal-Mart built logistics Management Information System (MIS), which used to deal with system report, speed up operating speed. They adopted Point Of Sales (POS) machine in 1983. In1985. They built Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), all the information is dealt on the computer instead of using paper.In1986, using Quick Response (QR) to built good partner relationship with suppliers, high frequency distribution with small amount each time, in order to lower risk, stocks and stimulate demand and sales. In 2006, Wal-Mart started using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), a wireless system used to identify tags and get data in any environment without any workforce. Because this, Wal-Mart can save 8350 billion per year. (MBSlib) Obviously, the primary activities in value chain of Wal-Mart are the strongpoint that can add value to the firms, especially logistics. Considering present market conditions and the way in which industry demand fluctuates nowadays, firms willing to remain operationally efficient will become more reliant on supply-chain management, This is one of the main reasons for which Wal-Mart has been capable of growing at an annual rate of 15. 4%. †(Aleksandrov) All the technologies used to be the core component of its cost-efficient business strategy, and customers of Wal-Mart can get the low-cost benefit from information system. One way to analyze the strategic potential of IS is to consider their influence on one or more of Porter’s five force model.Firstly, medium threat of entry, any company willing to enter this â€Å"Discount and Varity† industry (Aleksandrov) would have to consider the major financial implications of such an action if to complete with Wal-Mart at a national model. Secondly, medium to high threat of substitution, many companies sell exactly the same range of items, but at higher prices. The third one I want to mentioned is power of buyers, which is high because many firms offer the same goods and services, but Wal-Mart can be successful is because of providing at lower price. â€Å"Everyday low price! — Obviously, cost leader strategy is successful. As can be seen above, IT acts as an important and successful role and be used strategically by Wal-Mart to gain competitive advantages, as a result, Wal-Mart will be able to offer lower priced items and good costumer services, both of which will create brand loyalty, prevent Wal-Mart market share from diminishing. The competitive advantages of Wal-Mart in the future, considering the threat of entry and substitution first, there is a certain risk of entry from a firm which offers diversified goods and does not compete with Wal-Mart in terms in price.Although there is some threat of entry into the â€Å"Discount and Variety† industry, this is does not pose a direct threat to Wal-Mart since a different segment of consumers will be targeted by the entrant. Another risk is its competitors may link together in an effort to stop the retail giant from continuing to expand at such rates, Wal-Mart could enable them to compete against these low-cost innovators by sacrificing short term profits and implementing predatory pricing strategies. Aleksandrov) Secondly, Berskhire Hathaway’s CEO W. Buffet believes that due to the tight margins of the industry in which Wal-Mart operates and the efficiency with which the retail giant handles its supplier relationships, logistics system and pricing strategies, no other rational company would attempt to challenge their supremacy. Therefore, according to him, Wal-Mart’s future development will depends on how efficiently the company reacts to the current changes in its business environment. Aleksandrov) Definitely, this should get benefit from IS, to develop the potential of IT resources to add value to Wal-Mart, such as its global workforce become lager and thus need a relatively faultless information system to manage, and the company’s distribution system will be constantly operated at full capacity, allowing no room for errors. On the other aspect, in order for the competitive advantage to be sustained, the resources, here mainly on IS, must be inimitable, imperfectly mobile, and have low substitutability.With the development of society, as company become more pervasive and competitors can access to the same technology, and many companies will catch Wal-Mart using the same way, the advantages from IS of Wal-Mart may be become more and more unconspicuous in the future, there is no real â€Å"sustained† competitive advantage, but I think Wal-Mart has ability to make a new progress, like develop proprietary technology, maybe focus on other aspects.The CEO of Apple Company has said if there are three IT companies left in the world, these should be Microsoft, Intel and Dell, if two, they must be Dell and Wal-Mart. A great amount of managerial and IS effort will be needed to ensure that the company’s expansion rate does not ultimately lead Wal-Mart to its end. In conclusion, Wal-Mart uses IT strategically like GPS, MIS, RFID, mainly on logistics and supply chain, in order to gain competitive advantages, such as growth globally, to be the cost leader with good customer services.In the long run, Wal-Mart may face some threat and may not keep these competitive advantages all the time, Wal-Mart should keep alignment of business and IT strategies and make new innovation and progress in IT, like have proprietary technology, let the IT resources become inimitable, imperfectly mobile, and have low substitutability. How to cite Walmart, Information System, Papers

Brose Case Study free essay sample

What is the Brose Groups business and what are the critical success factors (CSF’s) in a business like Brose’s? [lists] * International automobile industry and delivery mechatronic system and electric drives to automotive manufacturers and suppliers * Brose standardize their operation, and uses ERP application. * Well-established Information technology management * Hire professional consultants to train employees * to better use ERP application system 2. What operational, management and control, and corporate learning/innovation challenges were faced by Brose during its rapid expansion over the last two decades? table] Operational | Management and control| The implementation of ERP system may cause a significant number of change within an organization | Lower total costs of information management information technology investment | The potential lake of in house skills and users’ resistance | 5. What steps did they take to minimize the risks associated with this kind of deployment? [list] * Reengineer business process, develop a detailed requirements specification, conduct system prior to the system implementation and closely monitor the system’s performance * Formulation of he steering committee, appointment of project sponsor, and internal audit’s involvement * Train project team, the establishment of a close working relationship between consultant and project team * Management support, user’s involvement. We will write a custom essay sample on Brose Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Clinical Reasoning and Procedural Competency

Question: Write about theClinical Reasoning and Procedural Competency. Answer: Introduction Clinical reasoning tool has been used by medical practitioners far and wide for the assessment of patients through the collections of cues, processing of information , being in a position to understand the patient, coming up with interventions and implementing them, doing evaluations is paramount in critical thinking progress, for the patient situation, (Levett et al., 2010). Clinical reasoning is essential in health care in that it builds competences and approach by focussing on problem based learning, (Chapman et al., 2013). It is a research tool that utilizes the five constructs to solve a problem thus contributing to the broader concept of human cognition. In this case review, is patient named Katie McConnell, a patient of mild traumatic brain injury. The case management assessment follows the clinical reasoning cycle of patient assessment. Patient Situation The case description is a 23 year old woman on admission at the facility. The patient is a victim of road accident; she has subdural hematoma which has lasted 18 hours, obtained by hit from a car. She has been transferred from a different facility and brought to the neurosurgical trauma for further reassessment and evaluations for better prognosis and care. Currently the patient is experiencing some memory lapse in a mild state. Her vitals indicate that the heart beat rate is 89 pulses, blood pressure is 142/72 Sp O2 96% and the respiratory rate is at 13. From the general assessments the pressure of the blood is high on the systolic side. Her pulse rate is at the normal levels. The vital statistics presented by the patient are normal except the increased in temperature and loss of memory. The changes can be attributed to her medical condition. Cues and Information The condition the patient is suffering is subdural haematoma from injury, it is considered in the medical filed the deadliest disease state for humans, the internal bleeding often fills the brain of the victim; it results in brain damage which can advance to death. Severe head injuries causes severe bleeding causes subdural hematoma, which is characterized by losing consciousness and confusion as displayed by parent Kate. Subdural hematoma can appear with no symptoms for the first few days after head injury, but patients appears confused, which is characterised slower blood bleeding causing increase subdural hematoma diseases. For slow developing hematomas, there is no significant changes in the or symptoms observed for greater than two weeks after bleeding The medical condition of the patient is heterogeneous in nature. The injury falls into a full spectrum. The information given shows that the patient Bp is 142/72, heart beat rate is 89, respiratory rate is 13 Glasgow comma score is 14. Symptoms patient Katie might be facing include confusion which is evident, headache pains, changes in the behaviour, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, weakness of the general body, apathy of the body and recurrent seizures. Other medical diagnoses which are essential for the patient are imaging tests aided with computer tomography or MRI images to observe and monitor the extent of disease for the purpose ot diagnosis, (Soltaninejad et al., 2014). It also uses magnetic resonance techniques to take pictures of the brain to determine the extent of subdural hematoma. These tests generate images of the inner skull, thus showing any haematosis present. In comparative nature of tests done using MRI and CT scan, MRI is superior however CT scan is faster in producing results, (Wintermark et al, 2015). Angiography tests are essential for this patient. It is another diagnosis method for haematosis. It uses the application of a catheter placed in the arterial vessel located in the groin deeply into neck and brain. Special agent compound is injected to it and images of blood flow are observed through the blood vessels. These test can help in diagnosing patient Katie effectively thus providing appropriate care. Process Information In mild traumatic brain injury observed characteristics such as confusion and loss of consciousness and related disorientation of the person for shorter duration of time characterises this window. From the case study what we know is that the patient is experiencing confusion and difficulty in remembering things but can recall later when probing is done. The confusion is largely due to occurrence of concussion, which temporarily affects the brain thus causing confusions, memory speech, and vision and balance problems. If the concussion is not treated it advances to second impact syndrome, which is more fatal condition. Concussion can be managed through healing of the brain, (MoC, 2009 ). Early symptoms associated with mild traumatic disorder include mild appearances which it has significant impact on lifelong impairment and the ability to function well. Some of the known live long problems with this condition are persistent headache, pains, fatigue, mood changes, and sensory related issues with later taste preferences, persistent headache and confusion. CDC, acknowledges that the following characteristics can be defined with respect to mild trauma injury, pain syndromes,codnitive impairments, nerve dysfunction and vertigo resulting from injury to the brain, (Ciuffreda Ludlam, 2001). Expected assessments symptoms which are positive for mild injury trauma are presented in three broader ways; cognitive, physical symptoms and behaviour changes combined with post concussive symptoms , (Koski et al., 2015). Cognitive symptoms include attention related problems and challenges, difficulty in concentration, memory related problem and orientation problems. The physical symptom includes headaches, dizziness, insomnia issues, nausea, seizures, blurred vision and fatigue. The behavioural changes explicated include irritability, depression, anxiety, and loss of initiative, sleep disturbances, social problems like marriage, relationships or school management. Confirmatory tests of confusion and disorganisation, consciousness loss of more than 30 minutes, neuron psychological related problems and Glasgow coma scale of 13 or higher are the confirmatory tests for mild trauma injury of the brain, (Skolnick et al., 2014). Identifying Problems and Issues In symptomatic identification of issues there is need to know the underlying disease features. Patient Katie has had traumatic brain injury, clinically portraying induced disruption in the physiology path, disruption of brain function which can be manifest by; loss of conscious for more than 30 minutes however this is not the case for patient Katie, loss of memory which is characterised by not remembering events for short or long periods of time before or after an occurrence of an accident before diagnosis. Mental disorientation, which is portrayed by changes in the mental status during the periods of the accident. In depth analysis of baseline lab investigations for patient Katie necessary, they include determination of FBC, serum electrolytes urea, serum glucose, coagulation status, blood alcohol level in the blood and urinalysis. Arterial blood gas determination is not a factor in traumatic brain injury, (Tootal, 2014). Securing of definitive way for breathing assistance is based on clinical findings from either lab or physical assessments. A patient diagnosed with GCS lower than 8 or a victim of trauma brain injury not breathing effectively and smoothly, thus not maintain the airway with assistive oxygen requires definitive pathway, (Kothari , Kothani Gadhi, 2016). In-depth assessments reveal that symptoms like headache, memory lapses and poor concentration are manifesting itself. In the general patients, symptoms persist for psychological problems. Further assessment need to be done for confirmation purposes. It includes modern technology usage like abnormalities or occurrence of concussion which in this case signifies loss of consciousness. Other focussed health assessments to be done include physical examination attests, which include the papillary tests, head and neck assessments which involve fundoscopic examination procedure for the patient (Woo Hirsch, 2016), palpation of the scalp for hematoma, auscultation for corneous disease, cervical evaluation for confirmation of tenderness. However further assessment can be conducted for patient Katie, they include conducting MRI and CT scan. Health Assessments Canadian CT head rule cam be done. CT scan diagnosis is suitable for people with minor head injury like Katie, the result of this test are presented in neurological examination and GCS score of 15 is assured. Those that portray high risk behaviour include headaches, vomiting, over 60 years alcohol dependent, seizure and amnesia. Currently there are many components for analysing the criteria for traumatic brain injury. Commonly used is the Glasgow Coma Scale, which is utilised in assessment of, assessing patients. As way of conducting the assessments , there is need to start from non- invasive procedures with key approach focussing on the lab assessments then to those that offer specific tests and easier to interpret like CT scan and MRI however costly suits the case study for Katie for appropriative management . The final assessment of the results obtain will be based on the following criteria; unconscious loss for up to 30 minutes, memory loss after accidents occurrence in the last 24 hours, changes in the mental state at accident time, measure of the deficits in the neurology that are not transient, conscious loss for more than 30 minutes, amnesia presence after accident exceeding 24 hours or the Glasgow scores scale for coma falling below 13 after half an hour, (Mrashall et al.,m 2012). References Chapman, D. M., Calhoun, J. M., Van Mondfrans, A. P., Davis, W. K. (2013). Assessing effectiveness of a problem-based learning curriculum in teaching clinical reasoning skills. Journal of Clinical Reasoning Procedural Competency, 1(1), 17-28. Ciuffreda, K. J., Ludlam, D. P. (2011). Conceptual model of optometric vision care in mild traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Behavioral Optometry, 22, 10-12 Koski, L., Kolivakis, T., Yu, C., Chen, J. K., Delaney, S., Ptito, A. (2015). Noninvasive brain stimulation for persistent postconcussion symptoms in mild traumatic brain injury. Journal of neurotrauma, 32(1), 38-44 Kothari, S., Kothari, N., Gandhi, P. (2016). A Study Showing Correlation Between Glasgow Coma Scale And Brain Computed Tomography Scan Findings In Head Trauma Patients. International Journal of Scientific Research, 5(4). Levett-Jones, T., Hoffman, K., Dempsey, J., Jeong, S. Y. S., Noble, D., Norton, C. A., ... Hickey, N. (2010). The five rights of clinical reasoning: An educational model to enhance nursing students ability to identify and manage clinically at riskpatients. Nurse education today, 30(6), 515-520.# Management of Concussion/m TBI Working Group. (2009). VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Concussion/Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 46(6), CP1. Marshall, S., Bayley, M., McCullagh, S., Velikonja, D., Berrigan, L. (2012). Clinical practice guidelines for mild traumatic brain injury and persistent symptoms. Canadian Family Physician, 58(3), 257267. Skolnick, B. E., Maas, A. I., Narayan, R. K., van der Hoop, R. G., MacAllister, T., Ward, J. D., ... Stocchetti, N. (2014). A clinical trial of progesterone for severe traumatic brain injury. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(26), 2467-2476. Soltaninejad, M., Lambrou, T., Qureshi, A., Allinson, N. M., Ye, X. (2014). A Hybrid Method for Haemorrhage Segmentation in Trauma Brain CT. In MIUA (pp. 99-104). Tootal, D.A., (2014). Spectrin Breakdown Products in the Investigation of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury (Doctoral dissertation, Durham University). Wintermark, M., Sanelli, P. C., Anzai, Y., Tsiouris, A. J., Whitlow, C. T., Institute, A. H. I. (2015). Imaging evidence and recommendations for traumatic brain injury: conventional neuroimaging techniques. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 12(2), e1-e14. Woo, T., Hirsch, C. H. (2016). Physical Examination. In On-Call Geriatric Psychiatry (pp. 17-30). Springer International Publishing.

Pepsi Environmental Factors Essay Example

Pepsi: Environmental Factors Essay Environmental Factors Antonio Presley University of Phoenix August 31, 2009 Abstract Every organization has rules, regulations, and guidelines that help govern the conduct of the employees, global and domestic marketing decisions, and environmental factors. PepsiCo, success can be affected by an internal or external environment analysis. An internal or external environment analysis is an analysis of the target market for a companys goods or services that can provide understanding of environmental factors that need to be addressed for a products success. Even major Companies like Pepsi are affected by these factors. When considering the importance of the factors that affect marketing an organization plan it are necessary to note that the environment and market can be very complicated and are in the majority of instances ever changing. Environmental Factors Every organization has rules, regulations, and guidelines that help govern the conduct of the employees, global and domestic marketing decisions, and environmental factors. Environmental factors are often divided into two categories namely macro environment and microenvironment. In addition, environmental factors can be political, social, ecological, cultural, technological, and ethical in nature. Whereas, any organization that develops a product or service domestically or globally must consider the impact each of the environmental factors may have. For instance, factors can result in the failed attempt to market a product, which may be successful domestically, in other countries where there is a significant market potential. Furthermore, this essay will identify the environmental factors that affect global and domestic marketing decisions, impacts of technology, and the importance of social responsibility and ethics as related to PepsiCo marketing. We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi: Environmental Factors specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi: Environmental Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pepsi: Environmental Factors specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods, and beverages with revenues of more than $39 billion and over 185,000 employees, which conducts both domestic and global marketing(PepsiCo,  2009). At the same time, PepsiCo is committed to protecting there natural resources and operating in a way that minimizes the environmental footprint, with the goal of reaching a net-neutral impact. In addition, as a multinational company, PepsiCo value the unique contributions and perspectives that people from different culture bring to there business. Therefore, the company continues to promote diversity and believe they have a responsibility to ensure the health and wellness communities they serve (PepsiCo,  2009). PepsiCo, success can be affected by an internal or external environment analysis. An internal or external environment analysis is an analysis of the target market for a companys goods or services that can provide understanding of environmental factors that need to be addressed for a products success. High-level domestic and global environmental factors that may affect the organizations marketing decisions are political, social, ecological, cultural, technological, and ethical. When considering the political factors that affect marketing plan it is necessary to note that political environment can be very complicated and is in the majority of instances ever changing. In contrast, social factors can affect PepsiCo domestic and global marketing decision because it influences a customer’s buying behavior. For example, according to the Tutor2u  (n. d) Web site,  when dealing with social factors several individuals may interact to influence the purchase decision (initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user). However, the ecological factors can also affects PepsiCo marketing because more companies, organizations, and consumers are trying to eliminate or minimize waste by avoidance and prevention. Armstrong and Kotler  (2005)  stated,    â€Å"Companies emphasizing prevention have responded with â€Å"green marketing† programs—developing ecologically safer products, recyclable and biodegradable packaging, better pollution controls, and more energy-efficient operations† (Chap. 16,  p. 573). In addition, researchers and consumers have find the products to be both green and competitive. Besides the global environmental factors, that affect PepsiCo marketing decisions the company should also be aware of the culture and technology that could also affect marketing. Culture impacts the organization is marketing decisions because many countries feel that certain type of American exposures to products erodes values and of other cultures and westernizes the world. Other issues culture can affect are marketing decisions and being able to adapt to other countries’ business cultures and deal effectively with foreign nationals (Armstrong Kotler,  2005). On the contrary, technology affects marketing tremendously. Armstrong and Kotler  (2005)  stated, â€Å"Technological advances in every area, from telecommunications, information technology, and the Internet to health care and entertainment, provide abundant marketing opportunities† (Chap. 16, p. 573). PepsiCo importance of social responsibility and ethics as related to the organization’s marketing is very substantial. The organization has taken vigorous steps to encourage kids to lead healthier lives and to provide their parents more tools to make healthier choices (PepsiCo,  2009). Whereas, the company understands the importance of providing nutritious foods and physical activities for children. In addition, they also understand the obstacles preventing parents from making the healthy choice. Since PepsiCo introduced the Smart Spot in 2004, they made it easier for consumers to identify products that contribute to a healthier lifestyle in the U. S. Therefore, the Smart Symbol (the symbol of smart choices made easy) is a simple labeling system that explains why each product is a smart choice (PepsiCo,  2009). Furthermore, this symbol is the only industry symbol that meets nutrition criteria based on authoritative statements from the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Academy of Sciences. Today, more than 300 different products carry the Smart Spot label (PepsiCo,  2009). In conclusion, environmental factors affect global and domestic marketing decisions by affecting the political, social, ecological, cultural, technological, and ethical of the organization. Even major Companies like Pepsi are affected by these factors. When considering the importance of the factors that affect marketing an organization plan it are necessary to note that the environment and market can be very complicated and are in the majority of instances ever changing. Reference Armstrong, G. , Kotler, P. (2005). Marketing: An Introduction. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. , : Prentice-Hall. Retrieved August  31, 2009, from University of Phoenix, MKT421. PepsiCo. (2009). Performance with Purpose. Retrieved August  31, 2009, from http://www. pepsico. com/Company. html Tutor2u. (n. d). buyer behaviour social factors. Retrieved August  31, 2009, from http://www. tutor2u. net/business/marketing/buying_social_factors. asp Not the paper youre looking for? 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High School vs College Essay Writing Difference

High School vs College Essay Writing Difference High school vs. college Every year thousands of freshmen come to various colleges for the first time. For some of them, the transition from high school to college goes without any problems and difficulties. However, most students find this process quite complicated and exhausting one. Therefore, entering a college is an embarrassing and thrilling time for most of them. As a rule, this is the first time for many students of their being far away from their families and friends. When entering the college, students have to adapt in a new, dynamic and completely unfamiliar environment. Students find paper writing time-consuming, it does not matter the type of the paper college or high school essay. In this new and stressful world, how should one not just survive, but prosper in this new environment? The secret of success at college often lies in knowing a few things. What Do College Students Face? First, it is very important to know how to complete a presentable paper and in order to do this the student should know how to use different academic formats. Second significant thing is to know how to make an effective research when working on paper writing. Finally, each student should be able to find positive peer networks to assist with integration into college student life. High School vs College Essay: Know the Difference When a student enters a college in the US, he/she is often confused with difference in requirements to writing a college essay in comparison with high school assignments. No wonder, the essays that received positive feedback in high school are extensively criticized in college. Do not fall into despair! It is not your writing that changed. It is because the requirements for writing a college essay are more complex than those for writing a high school essay. So, high school vs college essay: what is the difference? Making an Argument High school essays aim to show what a writer understood from the studied material (for example, a summary, a book review, etc.). College writing requires much more efforts. First and foremost, these essays and papers require making an argument. As such, college professors do not want you to retell what you have just read; instead, they want you to make critical judgment based on this information. This argument is often called a thesis statement and it should be clearly stated in the essay`s introduction. Providing the Evidence When the argument is stated, a college student has to prove it by providing credible evidence. This evidence is usually taken from the relevant sources, which contain the unbiased experts` opinions. If you, for instance, are analyzing some poem, a meaningful line from it can serve as the evidence. Searching for the sources that accurately fit the topic is also an essential characteristic of college essay writing. Professors highly evaluate the thorough work with sources, and if you want to get the A+ grade for your paper, you have to spend much time in the library.Analyzing the Topic Properly When reading your paper, the professor should not have questions like But what if..? Have you considered this opinion? What about..? It means that when writing a college essay, you need to present your topic from different perspectives. High School vs College Essay: Improve Your Practice! Without any doubts, college essay writing is a much more complicated process than high school writing. However, it enables you to develop your writing and research skills, which is particularly important for your academic performance. Work on your mistakes and you will see your progress. Just keep in mind that there is no a winner in the struggle of High School vs College essay. All in all, in both educational institutions, to become a better writer you need to practice a lot. Writing Formats Writing various kinds of papers that differ from high school essays is a huge part of each students experience. The most common citation formats are APA and MLA. In most cases, citing sources in a paper becomes a bewildering process. There are various requirements for citing books, encyclopedias, webpages, newspaper articles, etc. No everyone knows how to format the paper properly. However, you are free to use online assistance. The best web resource for help with academic formats is EssayLeader. Here, you will find hundreds of useful tips on using MLA, APA, Chicago, Turabian and other writing styles. The sooner you become good in writing any college essay or other paper, the better! Remember that the best time to learn something new was yesterday, but since yesterday is gone, the second best time to learn is today. Best Resources to Use One more area that freshmen at college often face with is conducting a thorough research for their papers. You do not even imagine how many students try to use Wikipedia as a reference! If you want to succeed with college essays, you must use good scholarly resources. The best resources to use are peer-reviewed books, textbooks, encyclopedias and journal articles. Great resources to get access to old books are second-hand bookstores and libraries. However, when writing a college essay, you may use several web-resources that have scholarly peer-reviewed articles and even the whole books that can be read online. The two of such websites are Google Books and Google Scholar. The second one offers a huge amount of peer-reviewed journal articles for free. One more advantage of this service is that you can click on the cite option and automatically get the correct citations for the chosen article in MLA, APA or Chicago style.